Colorless and clear liquid. Has a special fragrance. Easy to flow. It is easy to absorb moisture from the air and can be miscible with water, chloroform, ether and other organic solvents in any ratio. It can form an azeotropic mixture with water (4.43% water content), with an azeotropic point of 78.15°C. The relative density (d204) 0.789. Melting point -114.1°C. The boiling point is 78.5°C. Refractive index (n20D) 1.361. The flash point when the cup is closed (the temperature at which the combustible gas is heated in a container with a specified structure and mixed with the air near the liquid surface, and when it reaches a certain concentration, it can be ignited by sparks) 13°C. Flammable. The mixture of steam and air can form an explosive mixture with an explosion limit of 3.5% to 18.0% (volume). The organic solvent is extremely versatile, mainly used in medical, cosmetics, sanitary products, oils and dyes.
Function and purpose
Ethanol is an important organic solvent, which is widely used in medicine, coatings, sanitary products, cosmetics, oils, and other aspects, accounting for about 50% of the total ethanol consumption. Ethanol is an important basic chemical raw material, used to make acetaldehyde, ethylenediene, ethylamine, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, ethyl chloride, etc., and derive medicines, dyes, paints, fragrances, synthetic rubber, detergents, etc. There are many intermediates for pesticides and other products. There are more than 300 kinds of products. The use of ethanol as intermediates of chemical products is gradually declining. Many products such as acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and ethyl ethanol no longer use ethanol as raw materials and use other raw materials. replace. 75% ethanol aqueous solution has strong bactericidal ability and is a commonly used disinfectant. Specially refined ethanol can also be used to make beverages. Similar to methanol, ethanol can be used as an energy source. Some countries have begun to use ethanol alone as vehicle fuel or blended with gasoline (over 10%) to save gasoline.
Precautions for use
Overview of dangers
Health hazards: This product is a central nervous system inhibitor. First arouse excitement and then suppress it. Acute poisoning: Acute poisoning mostly occurs in oral administration. Generally, it can be divided into four stages: excitement, hypnosis, anesthesia, and suffocation. The patient enters the third or fourth stage, with loss of consciousness, dilated pupils, irregular breathing, shock, cardiac circulatory failure, and respiratory arrest. Chronic effects: Long-term exposure to high concentrations of this product during production can cause irritation of the nose, eyes, and mucous membranes, as well as headache, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, tremor, nausea, etc. Long-term alcoholism can cause polyneuropathy, chronic gastritis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, myocardial damage and organic psychosis. Long-term skin contact can cause dryness, desquamation, chapped and dermatitis.
Explosion hazard: The product is flammable and irritating.
First aid measures
Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and rinse with running water.
Eye contact: Lift the eyelid and rinse with running water or normal saline. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: quickly leave the scene to a place with fresh air. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. Seek medical attention.
Fire-fighting measures
Hazardous characteristics: flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, which can cause combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames and high heat energy. Contact with oxidant will cause chemical reaction or cause combustion. In the fire scene, the heated container is at risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place, and will ignite when it encounters a fire source.
Fire fighting method: Move the container from the fire scene to an open place as much as possible. Spray water to keep the fire container cool until the end of the fire extinguishing.
Extinguishing agent: alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sandy soil.
Leakage emergency response
Emergency treatment: Quickly evacuate personnel from the contaminated area to a safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire source. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure respirators and anti-static overalls. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible. Prevent entry into restricted spaces such as sewers and flood drains.
Small leakage: Use sand or other non-combustible materials to absorb or absorb. It can also be washed with a large amount of water, and the washing water is diluted and put into the waste water system.
A large number of leaks: build a dike or dig a pit for storage. Cover with foam to reduce steam hazards. Use explosion-proof pump to transfer to tank truck or special collector, recycle or transport to waste disposal site for disposal.
Operational disposal and storage
Operation precautions: airtight operation, full ventilation. Operators must undergo special training and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear filter-type gas masks (half masks) and anti-static overalls. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent the vapor from leaking into the air in the workplace. Avoid contact with oxidants, acids, alkali metals and amines. During filling, the flow rate should be controlled, and there should be a grounding device to prevent static electricity from accumulating. Equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may be harmful residues.
Storage precautions: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 30°C. Keep the container tightly closed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, alkali metals, amines, etc., and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable storage materials.